As we move through 2026, the global landscape for Citizenship by Investment (CBI) and Residency by Investment (RBI) has reached a new level of maturity. If you are asking, 'How much does a second passport cost?', you must distinguish between the minimum investment and the total capital outlay.
1. The Entry-Level: Caribbean Citizenship Costs
The Donation Route (National Development Funds)
This is the most popular and straightforward path. It involves a one-time, non-refundable contribution to the state.
- Single Applicant: Minimum $200,000 to $250,000
- Family of Four: Expect to pay $240,000 to $300,000
- Hidden Costs: Due Diligence fees ($7,500–$15,000), Processing fees ($5,000+), Legal fees ($15,000–$25,000)
The Real Estate Route
While the entry price is higher, it allows for capital recovery after a holding period (usually 5–7 years).
- Minimum Investment: $200,000 (Dominica) to $400,000+ (St. Kitts)
- Additional Costs: Government taxes, stamp duties, and property management fees (10–15%)
2. European Golden Visa Programs
European residency programs generally require higher investments but offer a path to EU citizenship.
- Greece: €250,000 real estate (most affordable EU option)
- Portugal: €500,000 investment funds
- Spain: €500,000 real estate
- Italy: €250,000 innovative startup investment
3. Premium Options: EU Citizenship by Investment
For those who want immediate EU citizenship rather than residency:
- Malta: €700,000+ total investment (citizenship in 12–36 months)
- Austria: €3M+ (exceptional contribution route)
Hidden Costs to Budget For
- Due diligence and background check fees
- Legal and advisory fees (typically 5–10% of investment)
- Document translation and notarization
- Passport issuance and courier fees
- Travel for biometrics/oath ceremonies (if required)
Maximizing Your ROI
The true value of a second passport isn't just in the document—it's in the opportunities it unlocks: tax savings, business expansion, generational legacy, and peace of mind. For many investors, the ROI is realized within the first year of use.